• Aiken, SC

    info@equus-soma.com

     

  • Equus-Soma

    Equine Osteology & Anatomy Learning Center

     

  • Waldoboro, ME

    207-542-6132

  • References

         

             On this page you will find the lists of references that have been cited throughout the website, organized by subject matter.   Some of the journal publications have a link to a downloadable PDF file.

  • Favorite Books

    • The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. 1975. (5th edition).  Sisson S., Grossman, JD. Philadelphia: Saunders.
    • Equine Locomotion. 2013 (2nd edition). Willem Back & Hilary M. Clayton (eds.)
    • Equine Neck and Back Pathology. Diagnosis and treatment. 2018. (2nd edition). Francis M.D. Henson (ed)
    • Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse. 2011. (2nd edition). Mike W. Ross & Sue J. Dyson (eds)

  • Publications

    Apollo's Story
       1.  Clayton, M.C. & N. Stubbs. 2016. Enthesophytosis and impingement of the dorsal spinous processes in the equine thoracolumbar spine. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 47: 9-15. (PDF)
       2.  Denoix, J-M. 1999. Spinal biomechanics and functional anatomy. Vet. Clinics North America: Equine Practice. 15(1): 27-60. (PDF)
       3.  Girodroux, M., S. Dyson & R. Murray. 2009. Osteoarthritis of the thoracolumbar synovial intervertebral articulations: Clinical and radiographic features in 77 horses with poor performance and back pain. Equine vet. J. 41(2): 130-138. (PDF)
       4.  Haussler, K. 2018. Osseous and soft tissue pathology of the thoracolumbar spine and pelvic region. IN: AAEP 360º Back Pain and Pelvic Dysfunction. (PDF)
       5.  Haussler, K., S. Stover & N.H. Willits. 1997. Developmental variation in lumbosacropelvic anatomy of Thoroughbred racehorses. AVJR 58(10): 1083-1091. (PDF)
       6.  Haussler, K., S. Stover. 1998. Stress fractures of the vertebral lamina and pelvis in Thoroughbred racehorses. Eq. Vet. J. 30(5):374-381. (PDF)
       7.  Haussler, K., S. Stover & N.H. Willits. 1999. Pathologic changes in the lumbosacral vertebrae and pelvis in Thoroughbred racehorses. AJVR 60(2): 143-153. (PDF)
       8.  Jeffcott, L.B. 1980. Disorders of the thoracolumbar spine of the horse - a survey of 443 cases. Equine vet. J. 12(4): 197-210. (PDF)
       9.  Jeffcott, L.B. 1983. Radiographic appearance of equine lumbosacral and pelvic abnormalities by linear tomography. Veterinary Radiology 24(5): 201-213. (PDF)
       10. Jeffcott, L.B., G. Dalin, S. Ekman and S.-E. Olsson. 1985. Sacroliliac lesions as a cause of chronic poor performance in competitive horse. Equine vet. J. 17(2): 111-118. (PDF)
       11.  Mallo, M., D.M. Wellik & J. Deschamps. 2010. Hox genes and regional patterning of the vertebrate body plan. Developmental Biology 344: 7-17. (PDF)
       12. Stecher, R.M. 1962. Anatomical variations of the spine in the horse. J. Mammology 43(2): 205-218. (PDF)
       13. Stecher, R.M. 1962. Lateral facets and lateral joints in the lumbar spine of the horse - a descriptive and statistical study.  Amer. J. Veterinary Res. 23(96): 939-947. (PDF)
       14. Stubbs, N.C., P.W. Hodges, L.B. Jeffcott, G. Cowin, D.R. Hodgson & C.M. McGowan. 2006. Functional anatomy of the caudal thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spine in the horse. Equine Exercise Physiology. Equine vet. J., Suppl. 36:393-399. (PDF)
       15. Stubbs, N.C., C.M. Riggs, P.W. Hodges, L.B. Jeffcott, D.R. Hodgson, H.M Clayton & C.M. McGowan. 2010. Osseous spinal pathology and epaxial ultrasonography in Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine vet. J. 42 (Suppl. 38):654-661. (PDF)
       16. Townsend, H.G.G. & D.H. Leach. 1984. Relationship between intervertebral joint morphology and mobility in the equine thoracolumbar spine. Equine vet. J. 16(5): 461-465. (PDF)
       17. Townsend, H.G.G., D.H. Leach, C.E. Doige & W.H. Kirkaldy-Willis. 1986. Relationship between spinal biomechanics and pathological changes in the equine thoracolumbar spine. Equine vet. J. 18(2): 107-112. (PDF)
       18. VanderBroek, A., N.C. Stubbs & H.M. Clayton. 2016. Osseous pathology of the synovial intervertebral articulations in the equine thoracolumbar spine. J. Equine Vet. Science 44: 67-73. (PDF)
       19. Boada, A., A. Nagy & S. Dyson. 2019. Ultrasonographic features associated with the lumbosacral or lumbar 5-6 symphyses in 64 horses with lumbosacral-sacroiliac joint region pain (2012-2018). Equine vet. Educ. IN PRESS. You can request a copy of the paper here.
       20. Haussler, K.M. 2018. Functional anatomy and biomechanics of the caudal trunk and pelvis. AAEP Proceedings: Back Pain and Pelvic Dysfunction. (PDF)
       21. Ehrle, A., L. Ressel, E. Ricci & E.R. Singer. 2017. Structure and innervation of the equine supraspinous and interspinous ligaments. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 46: 223-231. (PDF)
       22. Haussler, K.K., R.R. Pool & H.M. Clayton. 2019.  Characterization of bony changes localized in the cervical articular processes in a mixed population of horses. PLoS ONE 14(9): 1-27. (PDF)
       23. Clayton, H.M., L.J. Kaiser, M. Lavagnino & N.C. Stubbs. 2010.  Dynamic mobilizations in cervical flexion:  Effects on intervertebral angulations. Equine vet. J. 42 (Suppl. 38): 688-694. (PDF)
       24. Townsend, H.G., D.H. Leach, & P.B. Fretz. 1983. Kinematics of the equine thoracolumbar spine. Equine vet J. 15: 17-22.
       25. Rombach, N., N.C. Stubbs, H.M. Clayton. 2014.  Gross anatomy of the deep perivertebral musculature in horses. AJVR 75 (5): 433-440.
       26. Benjamin, M., H. Toumi, J.R. Ralphs, G. Bydder, T.M. Best and S. Milz. 2006.  Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites ('entheses') in relation to exercise and/or mechanical load. J. Anat. 208: 471-490. (PDF)
       27. Gutiérrez-Crespo, B., P.R. Kircher, and I. Carrera. 2014.  3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the occipitoatlantoaxial region in the normal horse. Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound. 55 (3): 278-285. (PDF)
       28. Bendrey, R. 2007.  Ossification of the interosseous ligaments between the metapodials in horses: A new recording methodology and preliminary study. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 17: 207-213. (PDF)
       29. Dyson, S. 2011.  The distal phalanx and distal interphalangeal joint. Chapter 33: 349-366  IN: Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse. Ross, M.W. & S.J. Dyson eds. Second Edition.
       30. Bowker, R.M. 2017.  The coffin bone: How does adaptation impact the foot during laminitis? ECIR Group Inc. NO Laminitis Conference. (PDF)
       31.  Bowker, R.M. 2018. Weight bearing - Hoof, wall or both? from The Bowker Lecture Series. (PDF)

  • ECVM - Equine Complex Vertebral Malformation
         1. Gorton, B. 1923. Abnormal Cervical Vertebra of Horse. (PDF)
         2. May-Davis, S. 2014. The occurrence of a congenital malformation in the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae predominantly observed in thoroughbred horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34: 1313-1317. (PDF)
        3.  May-Davis, S. and Walker, C. 2015.  Variations and implications of the gross morphology in the Longus colli muscle in thoroughbred and thoroughbred derivative horses presenting with a congenital malformation of the sixth and seventh vertebrae.  Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 35: 560-568. (PDF)
        4.  May-Davis, S. 2017.  Congenital malformations of the first sternal rib.  Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 49: 92-100. (PDF)
        5.  May-Davis, S., Minowa, F., Monoe, S. (2017?).  Preliminary radiographic protocols for identifying congenital malformations of the caudal cervical vertebrae. Journal of Japanese Local Government Racing. (PDF)
        6.  DeRouen, A., Spriet, M., and Aleman, M. 2016.  Prevalence of anatomical variations of the sixth cervical vertebra and association with vertebral canal stenosis and articular process osteoarthritis in the horse.  Vet Radiol Ultrasound 57 (3): 253-258. (PDF)
        7.  Sanitelli, I., Beccati, F. Arcelli, R. and Pepe, M. 2016.  Anatomical variation of the spinous and transverse processes in the caudal cervical vertebrae and the first thoracic vertebra in horses.  Equine Veterinary Journal 48: 45-49. (PDF)
        8.  Veraa, S., Bergmann, W., van den Belt, A-J., Wijnberg, I., Back-W. 2016.  Ex vivo computed tomographic evaluation of morphology variations in equine cervical vertebrae.  Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 57 (5): 482-488. (PDF)
        9.  Dyson, S.J. 2018.  Unexplained forelimb lameness possibly associated with radiculopathy.  Equine Veterinary Education (Online version of record prior to publication). (PDF)
        10.  Nagy, A. and Dyson, S. 2017. Equine Diagnostic Developments. Vet Times. Website for the veterinary profession. https://www.vettimes.co.ok. *** This is a very good summary of the literature and what is currently known about C6-C7 malformation.*** (PDF)
        11.  Rombach, N., Stubbs, N.C., and Clayton, H.M. 2014.  Gross anatomy of the deep perivertebral musculature in horses. AJVR 75 (5): 433-440. (PDF)
        12. Denoix, J.M. and Pailloux, J.P. 2011. Physical therapy and massage for the horse. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press.
        13. Gee, C., Small, A., Shorter, K., and Brown, W.Y.  2020. A radiographic technique for assessment of morphological variations of the equine caudal cervical spine. Animals 10: 667-677. (PDF)
        14. Beccati, F., Pepe, M., Santinelli, I., Gialletti,R., Di Meo, A., Romero, J.M. 2020. Radiographic findings and anatomical variations of the caudal cervical area in horses with neck pain and ataxia: case-control study on 116 horses. The Veterinary Record 187 (9):e79. (PDF)
        15. Kernot, N., Butler, R., and Randle, H. 2022. A systematic review of clinical signs associated with degenerative conditions and morphological variations of the equine caudal neck. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 116: 1-10. (PDF)
        16. May-Davis, S., Hunter, R., and White, R. 2023.  Morphology of the ventral process of the sixth cervical vertebra in extinct and extant Equus: Functional implications. Animals 2023, 13(10), 1672; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101672. (PDF)
        17. May-Davis, S., Dzingle, D., Saber, E., and Blades Eckelbarger, P. 2023. Characterization of the caudal ventral tubercle in the sixth cervical vertebra in modern Equus ferus caballus. Animals 2023, 13, 2384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13142384. (PDF)  
        18.  Ros, K.B.; Doveren, A.; Dreessen, C.; Pellmann, R.; Beccati, F.; Zimmermann, E.; Distl, O. Radiological Methods for the Imaging of Congenital Malformations of C6-T1, the First and Second Sternal Ribs and Development of a Classification System, Demonstrated in Warmblood Horses. Animals 2023, 13, 3732. (PDF)
        19.  Zimmermann, E., Ros, K.B., Pfarrer, C. Distl, O. 2023.  Historic horse family displaying malformations of the cervicothoracic junction and their connection to modern german Warmblood horses. Animals, 13, 3415.PDF